Nanoparticle-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence probes as a new frontier in cancer imaging
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro Georgia, USA.
Review Article
International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine and Surgery Research, 2024, 06(02), 075–096.
Article DOI: 10.53294/ijfmsr.2024.6.2.0048
Publication history:
Received on 19 September 2024; revised on 03 November 2024; accepted on 06 November 2024
Abstract:
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have significantly enhanced the development of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probes, positioning them as powerful tools in cancer imaging. This paper explores the unique advantages of nanoparticles incorporating NIR dyes, such as indocyanine green (ICG) and DiR, which exhibit deep tissue penetration and minimal background autofluorescence. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect facilitates selective accumulation in tumor tissues, enabling sophisticated imaging and precision-targeted drug delivery systems. This review highlights the remarkable potential of NIRF imaging techniques in molecular diagnostics, emphasizing their ability to differentiate malignant tissues at a molecular level. Additionally, we discuss various NIRF dye classifications, including cyanine and BODIPY-based probes, along with the development of multifunctional agents that enhance imaging specificity and therapeutic effectiveness. The integration of advanced targeting capabilities, including the use of antibodies and small molecules, further improves the precision of these imaging agents. While challenges remain regarding the pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity of nanoparticle-based probes, their capacity for real-time tumor tracking and the promise of multimodal imaging approaches underscore their transformative role in cancer diagnostics and treatment. By advancing the field of theranostics, nanoparticle-enhanced NIRF probes pave the way for personalized medicine and improved patient outcomes in oncology.
Keywords:
Near-Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Imaging; Nanoparticles; Cancer Diagnostics; Tumour Targeting; Biocompatibility; Molecular Imaging
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0