Discovery of novel enzymes from extreme environments through metagenomic approaches: A mini-review
Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Review
International Journal of Frontiers in Life Science Research, 2022, 02(02), 037–045.
Article DOI: 10.53294/ijflsr.2022.2.2.0042
Publication history:
Received on 24 March 2022; revised on 27 April 2022; accepted on 29 April 2022
Abstract:
Extremophilic microorganisms are able to survive under extreme conditions of temperature, pH, salinity and pressure, such as hypersaline soils, hydrothermal vents, acidic coal mines and soda lakes. These microorganisms have special genetic and physiological modifications to survive under abiotic and biotic stresses. Extremozymes are considered as an important source for different industrial and biotechnological applications. With the advent of meta-omics approaches, the discovery of novel enzymes has accelerated. Using function- and sequence-based metagenomics, a large number of enzymes have been identified and characterized directly from extreme environments. Many extremozymes such as proteases, amylases, esterases, cellulases, chitinases, oxidoreductases and hydrolases have special properties to work at a wide range of salt, pH and temperature. In this review, the discovery and industrial applications of novel enzymes from extreme environments through metagenomic approaches have been discussed. We have also explained the screening methods of novel extremozymes through function- and sequence-based metagenomics.
Keywords:
Extremophiles; Industrial enzymes; Metagenomic approaches; Extreme environments
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