Nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceutical dosage forms: Current challenges and mitigation strategies

Monali Rushi Dakhole, Krishna Radheshyam Gupta * and Milind Janrao Umekar

Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Smt Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, India.
 
Review
International Journal of Frontiers in Chemistry and Pharmacy Research, 2023, 03(01), 042–052.
Article DOI: 10.53294/ijfcpr.2023.3.1.0052
Publication history: 
Received on 19 July 2023; revised on 08 September 2023; accepted on 10 September 2023
 
Abstract: 
Nitrosamine impurities have been detected in various pharmaceutical products in nowadays. These impurities are classified as probable human carcinogens and can be found in a wide range of products including pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals and food. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of nitrosamine impurities in Pharmaceutical dosage forms. It covers the formation and sources of nitrosamine impurities, allowable daily intake impurities limit (ng/day), the analytical methods employed for their detection. Various methods including LC-MS, GC-MS and HPLC for nitrosamine impurities, regulatory guidelines, notable incidents, case studies and the impact of nitrosamine impurities contamination on the pharmaceutical landscape and additionally, case studies of previous incidents involving nitrosamine-contaminated pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, this overall review provides outlines the current mitigation strategies, risk assessment, future directions and challenges adopted by pharmaceutical companies to ensure Drug safety and regulatory compliance in worldwide also provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of knowledge regarding nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
 
Keywords: 
Nitrosamine Impurities; Formation and sources of Nitrosamines; Analytical Methods; Regulatory Guidelines; Mitigation Strategies
 
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